Biology Regents Practice Exam

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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of caffeine consumption?

Increased heart rates
Enhanced alertness
Decreased heart efficiency
Imbalanced metabolic functions

The correct answer is: Decreased heart efficiency

Caffeine is a stimulant that primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to several well-documented physiological effects. Increased heart rates and enhanced alertness are common consequences of caffeine consumption due to its ability to block adenosine receptors, which normally promote relaxation and sleepiness. This blocking action results in heightened alertness and increased heart rate as the body responds to the stimulant. While caffeine can impact metabolism, leading to certain imbalances in metabolic functions, it does not decrease heart efficiency in a direct manner. Heart efficiency typically refers to how well the heart pumps blood and uses oxygen. Caffeine may increase heart rates and contractility temporarily, which can imply increased efficiency, but it doesn’t inherently make the heart less efficient. Therefore, decreased heart efficiency is not a recognized or direct effect of caffeine consumption.